问题详情

The American victory in the Revolutionary War united 13 of theEnglish-speaking settlements into the largest and most powerful political unitin the territory , even though those first 13 states hugging the eastern coastseem small compared with the country' s eventual size. As a result of theRevolution ,approximately 71 , 500 people out of a population of some 2. 5million fled the new United States. Some were Loyalists - political or economicrefugees whose loyalties to Great Britain remained strong; others were blacksseeking refuge from slavery. Immigration and the commercial slave trade afterthe war quickly restored the population to its former level. The Revolution alsoopened up the area west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement , as furtraders and farmers were no longer confined by British settlement restrictions.Pioneering citizens , immigrants , and slaves moved west , displacing NativeAmericans who had hoped to preserve their cultures undisturbed by the expandingUnited States.

The 17th and 18th centuries saw a growing importation of Africans into NorthAmerica. After 1808 U. S. law forbade the importation of slaves from abroad ,although some smuggling of slaves continued. Few people from Africa chose tocome to the United States voluntarily (the free African population was small)because they were considered second-class citizens , and confined largely to thenorthern states. Large numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States in theearly national period , drawn by the promise of freedom , cheap land in the West, and jobs in the first factories of the emerging industrial age. The influx ofEuropeans , the end of the slave trade , and the ongoing wars removing NativeAmericans meant that some of the racial diversity of the population wasdiminishing. By the early decades of the 19th century , a greater proportion ofAmericans were of western European and Protestant heritage than at the time ofthe Revolution.

Over the course of the 19th century , the United States gradually absorbedthe French colonists in the upper Midwest and in New Orleans , Louisiana; theSpanish and Russian colonists in the South , West ,and Northwest; and theterritories of the Hawaiian people and other indigenous groups. Sometimes theseterritories were added by diplomacy , sometimes by brute force. Europeanvisitors were surprised at the diversity in nationalities and in religious andsecular beliefs in early America , as well as the number of intermarriagesbetween people of differing European heritages. There were also cross-racialbirths , sometimes voluntary and sometimes by force , but rarely within legalmarriages. The population continued to grow through migration as well , drivenin part by English , Irish , and German settlers who came in large numbersaround 1848 to escape political repression and food shortages in Europe.

31. The American independence made all of the following leave the new countryEXCEPT ()

A. those who were hostile to the old colonialists

B. pro-British colonialists loyal to the old political system

C. those attempting to free themselves from slavery

D. those who fled on account of economic problems caused by birth of the newnation

32. It can be inferred from the passage that ()

A. slavery was soon abolished after the victory of the AmericanRevolution

B. people didn't enjoy freedom of settlement in the West before theRevolutionary War

C. native Americans moved abroad in large numbers during the War

D. the western expansion destroyed the environmental conditions in thoseareas

33. Which of the following stopped the influx of Africans into the UnitedStates in the first decade of the 19th century？ ()

A. Large numbers of European immigrants.

B. Some smuggling slaves.

C. Legislation by the government.

D. Second-class citizens.

34. By (), the United States succeeded in obtaining vast land from othercolonies during the 19th century.

A. military action and re-settlement

B. negotiations and re-settlement

C. military action and negotiations

D. negotiations and industrialization

35. Implied , but not directly stated , is the fact that () in earlyAmerica.

A. there appeared to be many diverse nationalities

B. numerous different religions existed

c. marriages between European descendants were commonplace

D. marriages between different races were not encouraged or accepted