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根据材料回答下列各题: Technology has been an encourageme

2022-08-05 16:20:45 问答库 阅读 169 次

问题详情

根据材料回答下列各题: Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in Eng-land beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth.Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods,which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy havetaken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufac-ture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail wasexactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. Thismeans that goods could be mass produced, though mass production required breaking productiondown into smaller and smaller tasks. Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. In-stead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in cer-tain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today’s standards. Highlyskilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production al-lowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.But the skilled worker wasn’t the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forcedfarmers away. The increased mechanization(机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers fromploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidlydeveloping industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longerowned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer pos-sible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans atgreatly reduced cost. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?
A.Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.
B.The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.
C.The increased use of machines to make products in less time.
D.The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.请帮忙给出正确答案和分析,谢谢!

参考答案

正确答案:B
技术已经成为历史性改变的一种激励。在十八世纪初的英国和十九世纪的整个西方世界,技术就具有这样的一种力量。在商品制造领域,科学发现物的使用使得商品制造领域取得了快速改进,这改变了人们对工作的看法。最早的一种改变就是人力被其他形式的能量所代替。随之而来的是机器的加大使用,以便在更少的时间里生产产品。人们也开发了可以生产一种产品相同零件的机器:每个钉子都造得跟其他任何钉子完全相同,也就是说每个钉子都可以跟其他钉子互换。这就意味着商品可以大规模生产,虽然大规模生产要求把生产分成一个一个更小的部分。一旦它实现,工人们再也不用着手处理产品以及花力气完成产品。取而代之的是,他们也许只完成其中的千分之一,其他工人按一定工序完成各自的部分就可以了。按照今天的标准,这种生产方式没什么令人奇怪的。技术高超的工人无法跟这种新的生产方式相媲美,因为大规模生产使高规格的商品的大批量生产成为现实,这使得手工制作相形见绌。然而,技术好的工人并非唯一的受损失者,普通工人也如此。相似的改变也让农民地位不保。不断增强的农业机械化把大批农民从耕地和收割农作物中解放出来。除了涌入快速发展的工业中心,他们别无选择。规则日益被机器制定。工人不再拥有自己的工具,他们的技术不再有价值,他们工作中的自豪感也不再存在。工人照顾和维修那些远比人类更有工作效率的机器,这大大降低了成本。细节题。原文中并未说19世纪开始增加对工人的剥削。其余三项均在第一段中间出现。所以此题选择B。

考点:根据,材料