问题详情

Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple，theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.
Forwantofbetternames，weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.
Ingeneral，thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption，accidentsanddisasters，sports，socialevents，andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs，economicmatters，socialproblems，science，
education，andhealth.
Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder，shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane，identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam，laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.
Newsofthesecondkind，however，paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as，forexample，whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignituation，themountingnationaldebt，risingtaxes，fallingmarket，scarcehousing，andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue.”Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews，hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.
Foranyindividual，ofcourse，theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample，asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem，ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting，notforitsdelayedreward，butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster，athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience，butalsothe
delayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore，whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral，anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother，or
dividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.
Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread？
Divisionof
newsstories
Peopleexpecttoget(71)▲fromreadingnews.Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon’t.(72)▲of
thetwoclasses
Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual(73)▲.Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand(74)▲similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer，orpresenta(75)▲tothem.Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto(76)▲fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto(77)▲fromthereality.
Unstableboundaries
ofthetwoclasses
Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir
(78)▲.
Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsome
newsstoriesand(79)▲themselvestothereality.
Thus，thedivision，onthewhole，(80)▲onthereader.
__________
请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！