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Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories【16】ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior【17】theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehavior.through【18】withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin【19】totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus【20】asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.
Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,【21】thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes【22】lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare【23】tocriticism.
Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly【24】juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat【25】tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment【26】makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin【27】leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.
Familieshavealso【28】changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;【29】,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome,【30】wascommoninthetraditionalfamily【31】.ThislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenileCrimerates.Other【32】causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased【33】ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing【34】ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,【35】adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
(33)
A．acting
B．relying
C．centering
D．cementing
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