问题详情

CarsaccountforhalftheoilconsumedintheU.S.,abouthalftheurbanpollutionandonefourththegreenhousegases.Theytakeasimilartoll(损耗)ofresourcesinotherindustrialnationsandinthecitiesofthedevelopingworld．Asvehicleusecontinuestoincreaseinthecomingdecade,theU.S.andothercountrieswillhavetodealwiththeseissuesorelsefaceunacceptableeconomic,health-relatedandpoliticalcosts.ItisunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelorthatothernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributiontoglobalclimaticchange.
Policymakersandindustryhavefouroptions:reducevehicleuse,increasetheefficiencyandreducetheemissionsofconventionalgasoline-poweredvehicles,switchtolessharmfulfuels,orfindlesspollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese—inparticular,theintroductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity-isultimatelytheonlysustainable(可持续的)optionTheotheralternativesareattractiveintheorybutinpracticeareeitherimpracticalorofferonlymarginalimprovements.Forexample,reducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficproblemsandahostofsocialandenvironmentalproblems,butevidencefromaroundtheworldsuggeststhatitisverydifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoanysignificantextent.IntheU.S.mass-transitridershipandcarpooling(合伙用车)havedeclinedsinceWorldWarⅡ.EveninwesternEurope,withfuelpricesaveragingmorethan＄1aliter(about＄4agallon)andwitheasilyaccessiblemasstransitanddensepopulations,carsstillaccountfor80percentofallpassengertravel.
Improvedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealing,butautomotivefueleconomyhasbarelymadeanyprogressin10years.Alternativefuelssuchasnaturalgas,burnedininternal-combustionengines,couldbeintroducedatrelativelylowcost,buttheywouldleadtoonlymarginal(边缘的最低限度的)reductionsinpollutionandgreenhouseemissions(especiallybecauseoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsofdollarseveryyeartodeveloplesspollutingtypesofgasoline).
Fromthepassageweknowthattheincreaseduseofcarswill______.
A．consumehalfoftheoilproducedintheworld
B．haveseriousconsequencesforthewell-beingofallnations
C．widenthegapbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountries
D．imposeanintolerableeconomicburdenonresidentsoflargecities
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