问题详情

根据以下资料，回答下列各题： A．But scientists are still working to improve on that，and among them is social psychologist Aldert Vrij of the University of Portsmouth in England．Vrij has been using akey insight from his field to improve interrogation methods．In short，the truth is automatic and effortless，and lying is the opposite of that．It is intentional，deliberate and exhausting．The human mind，despite its impressive abilities，has limited capacity for how much thinking it can handle at any one time．So piling on demands foradditional．simultaneous thought--orcognitive“load”--compromisesnormalinformation processing． B．When Vrij and his colleagues asked volunteers what their offices looked like．after instructing half to tell the truth about their occupations and half to lie，both truth tellersand liars gave the same amount of detail in their verbal responses．But when Vrij askedthem to draw their offices，the liars’drawings were much less detailed than those of thetruth tellers． C．All these tricks may seem like overkill when we think about the fictional detectives weknow，including Holmes Sherlock，who seem able to ferret out every falsehood theyhear without using any strategies other than their intuition．But in real life，such people are exceedingly rare；and researchers have been trying--without a lot of success--to unravel these genius’strategies．Until they d0，less sophisticated lie catchers may beable to exploit the mind’s cognitive deficits，using tricks such as Vrij’s，to catch thebad guys in their deceptions． D．And in fact，that is just what happens in the lab：Vrij ran an experiment in which half the liars and truth tellers were instructed to recall their stories in reverse order．When observers later looked at videotapes of the complete interviews，they correctly spotted only 42 percent of the lies people told when recounting their stories without fabrication-- below average，which means they were hard to spot—but a remarkable 60 percent whenthe liars were compromised by the reverse storytelling． E．Psychological scientists are fascinated by keen lie spotter．Detecting lies and liars isessential to effective policing and prosecution of criminals，but it is maddeninglydifficult．Most of us can correctly spot barely more than half of all lies and truths through listening and observation--meaning we are wrong almost as often as we are right．And half a century of research has done little to polish this unimpressive trackrecord． F．Another strategy that could be surprisingly effective is to ask suspects to draw a picture． Putting pencil to paper forces people to give spatial information-something that most liars have not prepared for as part of planning their lies and that，therefore，overtaxes their mental resources． G．Here are a few strategies that Vrij and his colleagues have been testing in the laboratory． One intriguing strategy is to demand that suspects tell their stories in reverse．Narrating backward increases cognitive load because it runs counter to the natural forward sequencing of events．Because liars already have depleted cognitive resources，they should find this unfamiliar mental exercise more taxing than truth tellers do—which should increase the likelihood that they will somehow betray themselves． _________请帮忙给出正确答案和分析，谢谢！