参考答案

正确答案：C
解析：题目问：19世纪人们的社会建立在什么基础之上?最后一段最后一句“These moral principles，fixed in the child’s character，were to govern it throughout life，in a society where free enterprise，individual effort，and competition were believed to be the ruling forces．”通过这句话可知，答案是C。