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Last year over ε 13bn was spent on advertising in the UK and research indicates that most people will have seen 2m sales messages by the time they are 30. Advertising is big business and often acts as the interface between commerce and culture. While there are many adverts that just irritate， there are some that are miniature works of art. (0).. G... The advertisers themselves believe they are delivering an important message because they are protecting and promoting a client"s brand and extending greater choice to the consumer. (8)Instead of being free， many TV channels would only be available on subscription packages of about ε 500 per month and newspapers might cost six times more than their present cover pdce.There are many different models of advertising practice， but no one is precisely sure what makes a good advert. (9) While some try to get you to buy a product， others， such as anti- smoking campaigns， aim to get you not to do something. Some adverts are not aimed at consumers at all， but at retailers， shareholders or employees. For example， manufacturers
often advertise their products in trade magazines to reassure retailers that a new brand will be widely promoted. Petrol companies often choose to emphasize how environmentally friendly they are; this is to offset any negative public perceptions of the industry rather than to persuade consumers to buy an individual brand of petrol. (10) This is because petrol is regarded， in advertising terms， as a distress purchase. We get it because we can"t do without it， not because we really want it. In general， however， the main aim of advertising is to attribute emotional qualities to a product in order to create an individual brand that the consumer can associate with.
Working out whether an advert has been successful is extremely difficult. (11) For example， what persuaded them to buy a car？ You cannot be sure whether it was the advertising， the price， the opposition"s distribution， changes in the law or changes in consumer attitudes that was the determining factor. What advertising can"t do is make consumers buy something they don"t want. It can perhaps persuade you to try something once， but if you don"t like what you get， you won"t try it again， (12) In other words， where there is no emotional engagement， such as a consumer"s feelings about a bag of peas， beliefs are much harder to shift.
A．Moreover， it is almost impossible to get people to change the way they view things they are indifferent to.
B．Over the last ten years， other forms of advertising， such as direct marketing， have become increasingly popular as well as scientific.
C．They don"t， as the industry well knows， care enough to be brand loyal to such a product.
D．Whether you accept this argument or not， you have to recognize that without advertising our world would be very different.
E．The problem lies in isolating precisely what motivates people to behave in a particular way.
F．This is partly because not all advertisements are designed to do the same thing.
G．The production costs involved in these can reach higher figures than those for the average movie.
(8)应选
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