参考答案

正确答案：When to Tell Lies"Don"t tell lies! " Our parents and teachers told us when we were very young. However during the course of growing up we began to realize that that might be the biggest lie we have ever been told. We know that we all have at one time or another told lies.So when do we tell lies? Why do we tell lies even though we know that we should not? Roughly speaking we tell lies for two reasons.First lies are told for social purposes. For instance you say "You look so beautiful today! " "You really sing well. It"s fantastic." "Don"t worry. It"s just a minor operation. You will recover soon." "You are a great cook." However the truth is you think she puts on too much cosmetics and sings terribly; she is so sick that the operation might face serious risks; and the beef is too tough. You do no tell the truth because you do not want to make her unhappy because you want to show that you are well-educated polite and good-mannered because you want to maintain your friendly relationship with her. Such lies for social purposes are normally called "white lies". We do not tell white lies to cheat but to ease social interaction. Therefore they are very common in life.Second lies are told to gain military economic or political benefits. Here we also have two different types of lies: those told to cheat our enemies and those told to cheat our customers friends acquaintances and other ordinary people. Lies used to cheat our enemies are always praised and they are related to wisdom. We are happy that Hitler was cheated to believe that the allies would attack Calais instead of Normandy and we all admire Zhuge Liang"s wisdom to cheat Sima Yi into believing that the town where Zhuge Liang was was well prepared for Sima Yi"s attack. However on the other hand we all resent lies used to cheat us. We are all familiar with lies related to medicines foods tourist services and even governmental statistics. These lies have greatly undermined our benefits and have done great harm to the economy commercial ethics and social harmony of our country. Measures to stop them must be taken as soon as possible.All in all there are two kinds of lies: those used to facilitate communication and those used to cheat. It is desirable to lie for social purposes and admirable to lie to our enemies but we should always be honest when we do business.
WhentoTellLies"Don"ttelllies!"Ourparentsandteacherstolduswhenwewereveryyoung.However,duringthecourseofgrowingup,webegantorealizethatthatmightbethebiggestliewehaveeverbeentold.Weknowthatweallhaveatonetimeoranothertoldlies.Sowhendowetelllies?Whydowetelllieseventhoughweknowthatweshouldnot?Roughlyspeaking,wetellliesfortworeasons.First,liesaretoldforsocialpurposes.Forinstance,yousay,"Youlooksobeautifultoday!""Youreallysingwell.It"sfantastic.""Don"tworry.It"sjustaminoroperation.Youwillrecoversoon.""Youareagreatcook."However,thetruthis,youthinksheputsontoomuchcosmeticsandsingsterribly;sheissosickthattheoperationmightfaceseriousrisks;andthebeefistootough.Youdonotellthetruthbecauseyoudonotwanttomakeherunhappy,becauseyouwanttoshowthatyouarewell-educated,polite,andgood-mannered,becauseyouwanttomaintainyourfriendlyrelationshipwithher.Suchliesforsocialpurposesarenormallycalled"whitelies".Wedonottellwhiteliestocheat,buttoeasesocialinteraction.Therefore,theyareverycommoninlife.Second,liesaretoldtogainmilitary,economicorpoliticalbenefits.Herewealsohavetwodifferenttypesoflies:thosetoldtocheatourenemies,andthosetoldtocheatourcustomers,friends,acquaintances,andotherordinarypeople.Liesusedtocheatourenemiesarealwayspraised,andtheyarerelatedtowisdom.WearehappythatHitlerwascheatedtobelievethattheallieswouldattackCalaisinsteadofNormandy,andwealladmireZhugeLiang"swisdomtocheatSimaYiintobelievingthatthetownwhereZhugeLiangwaswaswellpreparedforSimaYi"sattack.However,ontheotherhand,weallresentliesusedtocheatus.Weareallfamiliarwithliesrelatedtomedicines,foods,touristservices,andevengovernmentalstatistics.Theselieshavegreatlyunderminedourbenefits,andhavedonegreatharmtotheeconomy,commercialethics,andsocialharmonyofourcountry.Measurestostopthemmustbetakenassoonaspossible.Allinall,therearetwokindsoflies:thoseusedtofacilitatecommunication,andthoseusedtocheat.Itisdesirabletolieforsocialpurposesandadmirabletolietoourenemies,butweshouldalwaysbehonestwhenwedobusiness.